Singapore is an artificial city. Trained with a large dataset of 3D digital models of high-rise buildings found in Singapore, the custom designed AI model generates not only formally plausible and semantically coherent configurations, but begins to also imagine novel and uncanny architectural forms, interpolating and extrapolating among standard high-rise housing typologies such as the slab, point, and cluster blocks.

Immanuel Koh is the director of Artificial-Architecture and an Assistant Professor in Design & Artificial Intelligence (DAI) and Architecture & Sustainable Design (ASD) at the Singapore University of Technology & Design (SUTD). Graduated from the Architectural Association (AA) in London, he holds a PhD from the School of Computer Sciences and Institute of Architecture at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. Immanuel is a pioneer in AI x Architecture and a Principal Investigator for several funded AI x Architecture research projects ranging from AI Singapore and DesignSingapore to Zaha Hadid Architects and MVRDV.

Immanuel Koh is an Assistant Professor in Design & Artificial Intelligence (DAI) and Architecture & Sustainable Design (ASD) at the Singapore University of Technology & Design (SUTD) where he directs Artificial-Architecture. He studied at the AA in London before obtaining his PhD from École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. He is an international pioneer in AI x Architecture and a Principal Investigator for several AI research projects, such as those supported by AI Singapore, DesignSingapore, Zaha Hadid Architects and MVRDV. Immanuel is the co-curator for the Singapore Pavilion at the Venice Architecture Biennale 2025 and conference chair of CAADRIA 2024. His work has been featured at premium AI conferences, architecture awards and art exhibitions.